Women suffer from FGM as young children from the operation, at the time of their marriage as adults and later during their child delivery. Female genital mutilation has detrimental effects on the physical and psychological health of the infants, girl-children and women operated. The degree of complications depend on various factors including the nature of the mutilation (excision or infibulation), the types of tools used, the physical environment of the operation, the skill of the operator and the physical response of the operated individual at the time of the operation.
1.Repeated urinary infection because of the narrowing of the urinary outlet which prevents the complete emptying of urine from the bladder.
2.Extremely painful menustration due to the build up of urine and blood in the uterus leading to inflammation of the bladder and internal sexual organs.
3.Formation of scars and keloid on the vulva wound.
4.The growth of dermoid cysts which may result in abscesses.
Formation of fistula – the rupture of the vagina and/or uterus.
Vulval abscesses.
5.Severe pain during intercourse which may consist of physical discomfort and psychological traumatization.
6.Difficult child birth which in case of long and obstructed labour may lead to foetal death and brain damage of the infant.
7.In the case of infibulation acute and chronic pelvic infection leading to infertility and/or tubal pregnancy.
8.Accumulation of blood and blood clots in the uterus and/or vagina.

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